Non-Performing Financing (NPF) dalam Tinjauan Maqāṣid al-Syarī'ah: Analisis Preventif Berdasarkan Al-Qur'an dan Hadis

Nanang Qosim

doi:10.36781/iqtisadie.v5i02.1500

Authors

Nanang Qosim Institut Agama Islam YPBWI Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36781/iqtisadie.v5i02.1500

Keywords:

Non-Performing Financing (NPF); Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah; Qur'an; Hadith; Islamic Banking; NPF Prevention

Abstract

Non-Performing Financing (NPF) is a key indicator of Islamic banking health that affects financial stability and public trust. This study aims to examine thematically how the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith implicitly establish a preventive framework that prohibits all conditions leading to NPF, using maqāṣid al-sharī'ah as the analytical lens. The research employs a qualitative library research method with a thematic exegesis (tafsīr mauḍū'ī) approach to mu'amalah verses and an analysis of economic transaction hadiths. The findings reveal at least six Qur'anic principles that implicitly prevent NPF: (1) the obligation of transaction documentation (QS. Al-Baqarah: 282); (2) the prohibition of consuming wealth unjustly (QS. An-Nisā': 29); (3) the obligation to fulfill contracts (QS. Al-Mā'idah: 1; Al-Isrā': 34); (4) the prohibition of riba as an elimination of debt-trap mechanisms (QS. Al-Baqarah: 275–279); (5) the prohibition of gharar and speculation (HR. Muslim); and (6) the prohibition of payment delay by the capable (maṭl al-ghaniyy ẓulm, HR. Al-Bukhari-Muslim). Within the maqāṣid al-sharī'ah framework, NPF violates the principles of ḥifẓ al-māl, ḥifẓ al-dīn, and ḥifẓ al-'aql. The study concludes that substantive rather than merely formal sharia compliance constitutes the most effective preventive mechanism for reducing NPF, rendering it not only a regulatory obligation but also a theological trust.

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