Social Implications and Sectarian Divisions: Analyzing Bid‘ah and Tawhid Within Salafi Teachings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36781/kaca.v14i1.670Keywords:
Salafi, bid‘ah, Taqlīdī-Harakī-JihadiAbstract
This article examines the social implications of the Salafi understanding of bid‘ah as well as an analysis of bid‘ah in the Salafi teachings themselves. The Salafi movement often accuses Muslims outside their group of heresy, but the irony arises when their own doctrine of monotheism is the result of interpretations that are not explicitly found in the Quran and Sunnah. The Salafi concept of monotheism triggers excommunication and disbelief of other Islamic groups and deepens group fanaticism, which has a negative impact on the solidity and social cohesion of Muslims. Salafi Jami, for example, opposes Salafi Harakī or Surūrī, exposing fanaticism and divisions within Salafi itself. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this study finds that unilateral truth claims and sectarian fanaticism within Salafi groups reinforce divisions and prolonged conflicts within the Muslim community. They also have heresy in the context of their tawhīd consisting of ulūhiyyah, rubūbiyyah, and al-asmā’ wa al-sifāt. This research underscores the importance of studying these groups’ interpretations within their social context and subjectivity. As a result, it is difficult for Salafi and other radical groups to unite solidly, and Muslims continue to face divergent views and prolonged conflict.
Downloads
References
‘Abd al-Hāmid al-Atsarī, ‘Abdullah b. al-Wajīz fī ‘Aqidah al-Salaf al-Sālih: Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah. Istanbul: Ghurabā’, 2014.
Abū Zahrah, Muhammad. Tarīkh al-Madhāhib al-Islāmiyyah: fī al-Siyāsiyyah wa al-’Aqāid wa Tarīkh al-Madhāhib al-Fiqhiyyah. Kairo: Dār al-Fikr al-’Arabī, t.t.
Ali, Taghreed Hanoun. “Salafiyyah: Dirāsah fī Nash’atihā al-Tarīkhiyyah wa al-Tayyarātihā.” Majallah Buhuth al-Sharq al-Awsat 66 (Agustus 2021).
Azaola-Piazza, B. “The Interplay of Regional and Domestic Politics in Egypt: The Case of Salafism.” Contemporary Politics, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2020.1858565.
‘Azizī, Mustafā. Al-Usūs al-Ma’rafiyyah li al-Fikr al-’Aqadi al-Salafi: Dirāsah Tahlīliyyah Naqdiyyah li Usūs al-Fikr as-Salafi al-’Aqadi li Ibni Taymiyah. Iraq: Muassasah ad-Dalil li ad-Dirasati wa al-Buhuts al-’Aqadiyah, 2018.
Bisarat, ʿAzmī. On Salafism: Concepts and Contexts. Stanford Studies in Middle Eastern and Islamic Societies and Cultures. Stanford (Calif.): Stanford University Press, 2022.
Bouko, C. “Discourse patterns used by extremist Salafists on Facebook: identifying potential triggers to cognitive biases in radicalized content.” Critical Discourse Studies, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2021.1879185.
Duway, Muhammad Sālih Yūnūs. “al-Fikr al-Salafi fī al-Had: Tahawwulatuhu ba’da Thawrāt al-Rabī’ al-’Arabī.” Dalam Al-Salafiyyah, Tahawwulatuhā wa Mustaqbalahā. Istanbul: Muntadā al-’Alaqāt al-’Arabiyyah wa al-Duwāliyyah, 2018.
Egerton, Frazer. Jihad in the West: The Rise of Militant Salafism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Hamdeh, Emad. Salafism and Traditionalism: Scholarly Authority in Modern Islam. Cambridge New York (N.Y.): Cambridge University Press, 2021.
Imarah, Muhammad. Al-Salafiyah. Sousse: Dār al-Ma’ārif li al-Tiba’ah wa al-Nasr, t.t.
Ismail, Raihan. Rethinking Salafism: the Transnational Networks of Salafi ʻUlama in Egypt, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021.
Koning, M. de. “The Racialization of Danger: Patterns and Ambiguities in the Relation Between Islam, Security and Secularism in the Netherlands.” Patterns of Prejudice, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2019.1705011.
Lawrence, Bruce B. Islam Tidak Tungggal: Melepaskan Islam Dari Kekerasan. Terj. Harimukti Bagoes Oka. Jakarta: Serambi Ilmu Semesta, 2004.
M. Nāfi’, Bashīr. “Salafiyah: Ishkāliyyah al-Mustalah, al-Tarīkh wa al-Tajālliyyāt al-Muta’addiah.” Dalam al-Zahiriyyah al-Salafiyyah: al-Ta’addudiyyah al-Tandhimiyyah wa al-Siyāsāt. Bashīr M. Nāfi’ (ed). Beirut: Markaz al-Jazirah li al-Dirāsah, 2014.
Meijer, Roel, ed. Global Salafism: Islam’s New Religious Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, USA, 2013.
Miloud, Bouazdia. “al-H{arakah al-Salafiyyah wa Tayyarātihā baina al-Nazariyyah wa Waqi’i al-Mumarasah al-Ijtima’iyyah fī al-Wasat al-Jami’i: Dirāsah Midāniyyah.” Universitas Algiers, 2015.
Rane, H. “‘Cogent Religious Instruction’: A Response to the Phenomenon of Radical Islamist Terrorism in Australia.” Religions, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10040246.
Roy, Oliver. Genealogi Islam Radikal. Terj Nasrullah Ompu Bana. Yogyakarta: Genta Press, 2005.
Rummān, Muhammad Abū. Anā Salafiyyūn: Bahthun fī al-Huwiyyah al-Waqi’iyyah wa al-Mutkhayyalah lada al-Salafiyyī. Oman: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2014.
Seib, Philip M., dan Dana M. Janbek. Global Terrorism and New Media: the Post-Al Qaeda Generation. Media, war and security. London ; New York: Routledge, 2011.
Shātī al-Sarrāj, Karīm. “al-Salafiyyah: Nash’atu wa al-Tatawwur: Dirāsah Tahlīliyyah.” al-’Aqīdah 6 (Oktober 2015). https://aqeeda.iicss.iq/?id=42&sid=40.
Wiktorowicz, Quintan. “A Genealogy of Radical Islam.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 28, no. 2 (16 February 2005): 75–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100590905057.
———. “Anatomy of the Salafi Movement.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 29, no. 3 (Mei 2006): 207–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100500497004.
———. “Framing Jihad: Intramovement Framing Contests and al-Qaeda’s Struggle for Sacred Authority.” International Review of Social History 49, no. S12 (Desember 2004): 159–77. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859004001683.
———. “The Salafi Movement in Jordan.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 2 (Mei 2000): 219–40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800021097.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Abd A‘la, Abu Bakar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
